Ethical Dilemmas Of A Drug Company s Regional Sales Manager

It can be hard to make a decision, especially when an ethical dilemma is involved. Ethical dilemmas pose a challenge because there is good to be found with both choices. The problem arises when one’s personal ethics are challenged. This paper will discuss an ethical dilemma with which a drug company’s regional sales manager was faced. It will discuss: the case and explain the ethical dilemma; the four functions of management; ethical issues; ethical relativism; four values; case resolutions; and Christian values in relation to the case. The Case Tim has worked for ACME Pharmaceutical for 12 years and is currently a regional sales manager. He has been selling a synthetic hormone that treats multiple medical issues including†¦show more content†¦The Four Functions of Management The company has put a lot of managerial effort into introducing this new drug. Managerial effort is referring to the four functions of management which is made up of: planning, organizing, influencing and controlling (Certo Certo, 2016). The company has spent time planning to introduce a drug that they believe will be an excellent replacement for the old drug. This is because the new drug treats all of the same conditions the old drug treated but without the side effects. They also know that it will expand their customer base because in higher doses it can also be used as an abortion pill. The organizing function can be seen when looking at the way tasks have been assigned (J. Krob, personal communication, September 27, 2016). ACME Pharmaceutical has two parent companies, one in the United States and one in Japan. The Japanese parent company decided they want ACME Pharmaceutical to sell this new drug. Because of Tim’s experience, ACME Pharmaceutical would like him to be the point person to launch the new drug. Tim’s supervisor tried to influence him by telling him that not taking the position could be a career-limited decision. One way the controlling function is used is when the company evaluates finances. By selling this drug, the company’s profits will increase: the drug is more marketable due to its’ multiple uses, ability to be used by different types ofShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making and Behavior13474 Words   |  54 Pages7 Ethical Decision Making and Behavior As we practice resolving dilemmas we find ethics to be less a goal than a pathway, less a destination than a trip, less an inoculation than a process. —Ethicist Rushworth Kidder WHAT’S AHEAD This chapter surveys the components of ethical behavior—moral sensitivity, moral judgment, moral motivation, and moral character—and introduces systematic approaches to ethical problem solving. We’ll take a look at four decision-making formats: Kidder’s ethical checkpointsRead MoreLidl : Surveillance Case Study Essay5241 Words   |  21 Pagesprofitability for the company. In order to informatively analyse this it is necessary to look at it from the perspective of business ethics. As Parker (1998) describes, the categories of ethics fall into descriptive and prescriptive. Whereas descriptive ethics merely explains what people actually do, perspective goes into theorizing what people should do. Within this essay, a combination of the two will be used in conjunction with relevant theories to attempt to prove Lidl as an ethical or unethical organizationRead MoreEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems20165 Words   |  81 PagesChapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Analyze the relationships among ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. 2. Identify the main moral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 3. Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individualRead MoreMkc1 Study Guide Essay8083 Words   |  33 Pages A. By defining what is right and what is wrong in marketing B. By requiring tailored marketing strategies C. By creating a need for a new marketing technologies D. By studying different cultural practices 2. What element should marketing managers consider when scanning the competitive environment? A. The human mind B. Transfer price C. Substitute products D. The distribution channel 3. When a group of retailers and wholesalers of a particular product decided to all raise prices togetherRead More3m Pharma Health Care Market Analysis19832 Words   |  80 PagesProject Aim: The principal aim of this research project is to pertain academic theories and knowledge about the market research in order to explore 3M health care, drug delivery system division (DDSD) key competitors and to determine key success factors for winning contracts for oral dosage forms and Phase III trial research for 3M (DDSD) in Europe. 2. Project Objectives: The objectives of this project are: * To explore contract pharmaceutical manufacturing and packaging marketRead MoreMadoff4022 Words   |  17 Pages A Windfall Plagued by Poor Decisions BUOL 537: Legal, Ethical and Social Environment ABSTRACT Everyone in both the business and non-business sectors alike have probably heard of a financial ploy called a Ponzi scheme. However, many may not fully understand the details or how to protect themselves from such a financial risk. A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment plan in which the investments of later investors are used to pay earlier investors, giving the appearance that the investments ofRead MoreBuisness Report Topics6840 Words   |  28 Pagesare part of a campus team investigating the possibility of a â€Å"Trash to Treasure† sale in May. Analyze the financial aspects of gathering castoffs, organizing a sale, pricing the goods, and keeping track of the income that will become a gift to your campus student organization or to a charity your team names. 3. You have started a bookkeeping/accounting service, and you would like to offer your services to Company X (a local business of your choice). You are trained to do some or all of the following:Read MoreCase Studies13817 Words   |  56 PagesCASE STUDY #1 A Job Search Dilemma Eric, a second-semester senior, is looking for a job. Anxious about finding work in the worst economy in decades, he sends out scores of resumes for a wide variety of positions. The first call he gets is for a position that doesnt really interest him, but he figures he should be open to every opportunity. He schedules an interview, which he aces. In fact, the recruiter offers Eric the job on the spot. He would like Eric to start as soon as possible. Should EricRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesââ€"  PAGE NUMBER IN THE BOOK 605 608 619 625 629 652 662 667 677 685 694 708 712 718 727 733 740 746 CASE Ministry of Sound – rapid growth but a questionable future in the music industry. Pharmaceutical Industry – global forces at work in the ethical pharmaceutical industry. TUI – competitive forces in the travel industry. HiFi – how can small players survive changing markets? Amazon (B) – latest developments in a successful dot.com. Formula One – developing the capabilities for competitive successRead MoreThe Dark Side of Customer Analytics6267 Words   |  26 PagesCASE STUDY AND COMMENTARY How can these companies leverage the customer data responsibly? The Dark Side of Customer Analytics Four commentators offer expert advice. by Thomas H. Davenport and Jeanne G. Harris †¢ Reprint R0705A An insurance company finds some intriguing patterns in the loyalty card data it bought from a grocery chain—the correlation between condom sales and HIV-related claims, for instance. How can both companies leverage the data responsibly? HBR CASE

The Return Shadow Souls Chapter 44 Free Essays

Elena was wakened by shouting. She’d already once awakened to unbelievable bliss. Now she was awake again – but surely that was Damon’s voice. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 44 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shouting? Damon didn’t shout! Throwing on a robe, she went dashing out the door and downstairs. Raised voices – confusion. Damon was kneeling on the floor. His face was blue-white. There wasn’t a plant in the room that could be strangling him. Poisoned, was the next thing Elena thought and immediately her eyes darted around the room to see a spilled drink, a dropped plate, any sign that poison had done this. There was nothing. Sage was clapping Damon on the back. Oh, God, could he have choked? But that was idiocy. Vampires didn’t breathe, except for talking and building Power. But then what was happening? â€Å"You have to breathe,† Sage was shouting in Damon’s ear. â€Å"Take a breath, as if you were going to speak, but then hold on to it, as if for raising your Power. Think about your insides. Get those lungs working!† The words only confused Elena. â€Å"There!† cried Sage. â€Å"You see?† â€Å"But it only lasts an instant. Then I need to do it again.† â€Å"But, yes, that is the point!† â€Å"I tell you I’m dying and you laugh at me?† a disheveled Damon shouted. â€Å"I’m blind, deaf, my senses are haywire – and you laugh!† Disheveled, thought Elena, bothered by something. â€Å"Well.† Sage seemed to be at least trying not to laugh. â€Å"Perhaps, mon petit chou, you should not have opened something that was not addressed to you?† â€Å"I put wards all around me before I did it. The house was safe.† â€Å"But you were not – breathe! Breathe, Damon!† â€Å"It looked completely harmless – and admit it – we were all going – to open it last night – when we got too tired – !† â€Å"But to do it alone, to open a present from a kitsune†¦that was foolish, yes?† A choking Damon snapped, â€Å"Don’t lecture me. Help me. Why am I muffled in cotton wool? Why can’t I see? Or hear? Or smell – anything? I’m telling you I can’t smell a thing!† â€Å"You are fit and sharp as any human could be. You could probably defeat most vampires if you fought with one right now. But human senses are very few and very dull.† Words were swimming in Elena’s head†¦opening things not addressed to you†¦bouquet from a kitsune†¦human†¦ Oh, my God! Apparently, the same words were going through the mind of someone else, because suddenly a figure dashed in from the kitchen area. Stefan. â€Å"You stole my bouquet? From the kitsune?† â€Å"I was very careful – â€Å" â€Å"Do you realize what you’ve done?† Stefan shook Damon. â€Å"Ow. That hurts! Do you want to break my neck?† â€Å"That hurts? Damon, you’re in for a world of hurt! Do you understand? I talked to that kitsune. Told him the whole story of my life. Elena came to visit and he saw her practically†¦well, never mind – he saw her crying over me! Do†¦you†¦realize†¦what†¦you†¦have†¦ done?† It was as if Stefan had started climbing a series of steps, and that each one lifted him to a higher level of fury than the last. And here, at the top†¦ â€Å"I’ll KILL YOU!† Stefan shouted. â€Å"You took it – my humanity! He gave it to me – and you took it!† â€Å"You’ll kill me? I’ll kill you, you – you bastard! There was one flower in the middle. A black rose, bigger than I have ever seen. And it smelled†¦heavenly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It’s gone!† Matt reported, producing the bouquet. He displayed it. There was a gaping hole in the center of the mixed flower arrangement. Despite the hole, Stefan ran to it, and stuck his face into the bouquet, sucking in great heaving breaths of air. He kept coming up and snapping his fingers and each time lightning flared between his fingertips. â€Å"Sorry, bud,† Matt said. â€Å"I think it’s gone.† Elena could see it all now. That kitsune†¦he was one of the good ones, like the stories Meredith had told them about. Or at least good enough to sympathize with Stefan’s plight. And so, when he had gotten free, he had made up a bouquet – kitsune could do anything with plants, although surely this was a great feat, something like finding the secret of eternal youth†¦to turn vampires into humans. And after Stefan had endured and endured and endured and should have finally gotten his reward†¦right now†¦ â€Å"I’m going back,† Stefan shouted. â€Å"I’m going to find him!† Meredith said quietly, â€Å"With or without Elena?† Stefan stopped. He looked up at the stairway, and his eyes met Elena’s. Elena†¦ We’ll go together. â€Å"No,† Stefan shouted. â€Å"I would never put you through that. I’m not going after all. I’m just going to murder you!† He swung back on his brother. â€Å"Been there, done that. Besides, I’m the one that’s going to kill you, you bastard! You took my world away from me! I am a vampire! I’m not a† – some creative cursing – â€Å"human!† â€Å"Well you are now,† Matt said. He was just barely not laughing out loud. â€Å"So I’d say you’d better get used to it.† Damon leaped at Stefan. Stefan didn’t step aside. In an instant there was a ball of thrashing, kicking, and punching, and cursing in Italian that made it sound as if there were at least four vampires fighting five or six humans. Elena sat down helplessly. Damon†¦a human? How were they going to deal with this? Elena looked up to see that Bonnie had carefully made up a tray of all sorts of things that tasted good to humans, and that she’d undoubtedly done it for Damon before he had worked his way into hysteria. â€Å"Bonnie,† Elena said quietly, â€Å"don’t give it to him yet. He’ll just throw it at you. But perhaps later†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Later he won’t throw it?† Elena winced. â€Å"How is Damon going to deal with being human?† she asked herself aloud. Bonnie looked at the cursing, spitting ball of vampire/human fury. â€Å"I’d say†¦kicking and screaming the whole way.† Just then Mrs. Flowers came out of the kitchen. She had a huge mound of fluffy waffles stacked on several plates on a tray. She saw the rolling, swearing, snarling ball that was Stefan and Damon. â€Å"Oh, my,† she said. â€Å"Did something go wrong?† Elena looked at Bonnie. Bonnie looked at Meredith. Meredith looked at Elena. â€Å"You†¦could say so,† gasped Elena. And then the three of them gave way to it. Gales and gales of helpless laughter. You’ve lost a powerful ally, said a voice in Elena’s mind. Do you know that? Can you foresee the consequences? Today, when you have just come back from a world of Shinichis? We’ll win, Elena thought. We have to. How to cite The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 44, Essay examples

Health Lesson and Observation Essay Example For Students

Health Lesson and Observation Essay Mrs. Tuttle is currently incorporating Health into the curriculum. The second half of the year is when the children learn their Health lessons. More often than not, it takes the place of Science. This is just the beginning of basic Health, nothing too intensive. The lesson I am going to teach, was my own idea. It will incorporate Health and Physical Education Activity, and will take place in the gym. When I told Mrs. Tuttle about it, she thought it was absolutely the cutest idea. The lesson I am going to use is a relay race game called Dem Bones. The students will be in teams of about 5 children. They will all be at one end of the gym. At the other end of the gym, there will be a pile of laminated bones. The children will have to run down one at a time, and retrieve the bone that is written on a card that they will draw from a hat. They will bring that bone back, and begin to create a skeleton on the wall with masking tape. The first group to have a I will provide my own made up lesson plan for this lesson. No materials will be needed from the teacher. I will have my own already prepared. I attended Chestnut when I was in grade school, so I already knew what I was going to see when I got there. The classrooms are all still set up the same way they were when I left 10 years ago. They are all very clean. The desks are spaced well, to avoid tripping, and too much talking. Physically the school is the best one in my town. This school is also very emotionally excellent. The teachers are very warm and friendly. There are lots of colors, posters, pictures and signs on the walls, to emphasize the warmth and friendliness. The children, mostly, are very polite. The only thing that surprised me was the amount of helpfulness. They were willing to do anything for Mrs. Tuttle. I think it was because her style of teaching was so effective. She never raised her voice, she simply stopped talking. They all got quiet, and she started again. They were very attentive after that. I think she only had to do that one time in the time that I was there. They seemed very excited to hear what she had to say. I think this was mostly because this is the first time they have has an actual Health class, and book. I am not apprehensive at all about teaching this lesson. I know it is a good lesson, and I am very comfortable in front of a classroom. Also the children seemed to like me. Bibliography: .

Missionary Work Of Early Missionaries Like Paul, Barnabas, And Timothy

Missionary work of early missionaries like Paul, Barnabas, and Timothy, was different from the missionary work of missionaries in the Dark Ages, such as Patrick and Boniface. These differences arose because of the differences in political, religious, and cultural environments. It made the missionaries different by making them adapt to the customs and environment of the area. One main area of difference was the way the gospel was preached. The early missionaries worked in different political, religious, and cultural environments compared to the missionaries of the Dark Ages. The early missionaries worked in an environment that was against Christianity. People were persecuted for even talking about it. This just made it that much harder to spread the news of the Gospel. Most of the people were Jews and some were Gentiles. Most of the Jews rejected Christianity but some did accept it. However, most of the Gentiles accepted Christianity. The culture of the people in the early ages was based on the synagogue. Life revolved around the synagogue. These differences made it hard for the missionaries to spread the word. Paul, for example, came across many situations where his life was in danger. Paul traveled with Barnabas, Silias, and Timothy on at least one of his journeys. As they traveled from city to city, rejection was common. With most of the population Jewish, Paul had a hard time preaching the Gospel. Jews rejected Christianity because it was completely against their beliefs. Instead of wasting his time, Paul traveled on to other cities to preach the word. Since the life of the people revolved around the synagogue, Paul had to do much of his preaching there. This was very dangerous because sometimes the people he was preaching to would become unruly and violent. Because of this, Paul began to preach the Gospel in a different way. He began writing letters, called Epistles, to many different church communities. Each of the letters addressed topics specific to the church he was writing to. These letters were read aloud during community prayers and the Eucharist. Copies were also sent around to neighboring communities. This helped spread the word of the Gospel even farther than his preaching did. In his letters Paul used the word "church" and made the Christians feel that they were an assembly of people to celebrate their belief. This made them stronger. It led to these people spreading the word also. These differences in the way the gospel was preached existed for a very simple reason: the people and the environment were different. Paul had to curve his message to fit certain groups. He also had to make sure the people understood him. The missionaries of the Dark Ages had to work in a different environment than the early missionaries had to work in. The political situation of the Dark Ages was somewhat vague. There was not always a definite ruler. Sometimes they had to turn to the local bishop or church to help them. The religious environment was mostly Pagan, much different from the Jews that Paul had to deal with. The cultural environment in which they had to work was also pretty vague. People tended to hang around in groups and were influenced by outside sources. The environment in which Patrick and Boniface had to work, effected their work dramatically. Pagans were a hard bunch to please. They didn't really want any outside sources trying to convert them. If you made them angry you could possibly end up dead. For those people who were not pagans, they sometimes looked up to the missionaries and accepted what they said as fact. One major thing that the missionaries of the Dark Ages did differently was set up monasteries. These were places that monks and others would go to learn about Jesus and Christianity. They also learned other subjects in the process which made monasteries attractive. This drew in people and eventually converted them to Christianity. In these monasteries, word of the gospel was spread by reading and copying books. These books were preserved for others to read and learn about Christianity. Another way they preached the Gospel was by using logic. Logic was a very resourceful tool for the missionaries. Boniface, for example, used logic in one incidence with

Causes and Effects of Government Shutdowns

Causes and Effects of Government Shutdowns Why would much of the U.S. federal government shut down and what happens when it does?   The Cause of Government Shutdowns The U.S. Constitution requires that all expenditures of federal funds be authorized by Congress with the approval of the President of the United States. The U.S. federal government and the federal budget process operate on a fiscal year cycle running from October 1 to midnight September 30. If Congress fails to pass all of the spending bills comprising the annual federal budget or continuing resolutions extending spending beyond the end of the fiscal year; or if the president fails to sign or vetoes any of the individual spending bills, certain non-essential functions of the government may be forced to cease due to a lack of congressionally-authorized funding. The result is a government shutdown. The Current Border Wall Shutdown of 2019 The most recent government shutdown, and the third of the Donald Trump presidency began on December 22, 2018, when Congress and the White House failed to agree on the inclusion in an annual spending bill of $5.7 billion requested by President Trump for the construction of an additional 234 miles of fencing to be added to the existing security barrier along the U.S. border with Mexico. On January 8, with no end to the impasse in sight, President Trump threatened to declare a national emergency empowering him to bypass to fund the border fencing. However, by January 12, what had become the longest lasting government shutdown in U.S. history had shuttered nine of the 15 federal executive branch agencies, and left over 800,000 federal workers- including Border Patrol officers, TSA agents, and air traffic controllers- either working without pay or sitting at home on furlough. Trash began piling up and visitor safety became an issue at national parks as park rangers had been sent home. Although Congress had passed a bill on January 11 providing eventual full back pay for the employees, the strain of missed paychecks became obvious.   In a televised address on January 19, President Trump offered a proposal he hoped would bring Democrats back to the bargaining table to negotiate on an immigration reform for border security deal that would end the then 29-day-long government shutdown. The president offered to back immigration policies Democrats and had long requested, including a three-year revival of the DACA- Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals- program in return for approval of a permanent $7 billion border security package, including $5.7 billion for the border wall. DACA is a currently expired immigration policy enacted by President Obama allowing eligible individuals who were brought to the United States illegally as children to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit in the U.S. Less than an hour after the president’s address, Democrats rejected the bargain because it failed to offer permanent protection for the DACA immigrants and because it still included money for the border wall. Democrats again demanded that President Trump end the shutdown before negotiations continued. On January 24, Government Executive magazine reported that based on salary data from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the then 34-day-long partial government was costing U.S. taxpayers more than $86 million a day in back pay promised to more than 800,000 furloughed workers. A Temporary Agreement Reached On January 25, President Trump announced that an agreement had been reached between his office and Democratic leaders in Congress that would temporarily reopen the government until February 15 without the inclusion of any funding for construction of additional border fencing. The agreement also provided that all federal employees affected by the shutdown would receive full back pay. According to the President, the delay would allow for further negotiations on funding of the border wall, which he said remained a necessity to national security. Finally, the President stated that if funding for the border wall was not agreed to by February 15, he would either reinstate the government shutdown or declare a national emergency allowing him to reallocate existing fund for the purpose. However, on February 15, the president signed a compromise spending bill averting another shutdown. The same day, he issued a National Emergency Proclamation redirecting $3.5 billion from the Defense Department’s military construction budget to the construction of new border wall. Under the terms of the Antideficiency Act, the shutdown may not have been legal in the first place. Since the government had the $5.7 billion needed to build the border wall, the shutdown had been based on an issue of political ideology rather than an issue of economic necessity, as required by the law. The Ghosts of Shutdowns Past Between 1981 and 2019, there were five government shutdowns. While the first four went largely unnoticed by anybody but the federal employees affected, the American people shared the pain during the last one.   1981: President Reagan vetoed a continuing resolution, and 400,000 federal employees were sent home at lunch and told not to come back. A few hours later, President Reagan signed a new version of the continuing resolution and the workers were back at work the next morning. 1984: With no approved budget, 500,000 federal workers were sent home. An emergency spending bill had them all back at work the next day. 1990: With no budget or continuing resolution, the government shuts down during the entire three-day Columbus Day weekend. Most workers were off anyway and an emergency spending bill signed by President Bush over the weekend had them back at work Tuesday morning. 1995-1996: Two government shutdowns beginning on November 14, 1995, idled different functions of the federal government for various lengths of time until April of 1996. The most serious government shutdowns in the nations history resulted from a budget impasse between Democratic President Clinton and the Republican-controlled Congress over funding for Medicare, education, the environment, and public health. 2013: For 17 tedious days, from October 1 through October 16, the perennial disagreement between Republicans and Democrats in Congress over spending forced a partial shutdown that saw more than 800,000 federal employees furloughed, U.S veterans locked out of their own war memorials, and millions of visitors forced to leave national parks. Unable to pass a conventional annual budget, Congress considered a continuing resolution (CR) that would have maintained funding at current levels for six months. In the House, Tea Party Republicans attached amendments to the CR that would have delayed implementation of President Obama’s healthcare reform law–Obamacare–for one year. This amended CR had no chance of passing in the Democrat-controlled Senate. The Senate sent the House a â€Å"clean† CR with no amendments, but Speaker of the House John Boehner refused to allow the clean CR to come to a vote of the House. As a result of the impasse over Obamacare, no funding CR was passed by October 1- the end of the government’s 2013 fiscal year- and the shutdown began. As the shutdown drug on, public opinion of Republicans, Democrats and President Obama began to plummet and, to make matters worse, the U.S. was set to reach its debt limit on October 17. Failing to pass legislation raising the debt limit by the deadline could have forced the government to default on its debt for the first time in history, placing the payment of federal benefits in danger of being delayed. On October 16, faced with the debt limit crisis and increasing public disgust with Congress, Republicans and Democrats finally agreed on and passed a bill temporarily reopening the government and increasing the debt limit. Ironically, the bill- driven by the government’s need to reduce spending- also spent billions of dollars, including a tax-free gift of $174,000 to the widow of a deceased senator. The Costs of Government Shutdowns The first of the two government shutdowns in 1995-1996 lasted only six days, from November 14 to November 20. Following the six-day shutdown, the Clinton administration released an estimate of what the six days of an idled federal government had cost. Lost Dollars: The six-day shutdown cost taxpayers about $800 million, including $400 million to furloughed federal employees who were paid, but did not report to work and another $400 million in lost revenue in the four days that the IRS enforcement divisions were closed.Medicare: Some 400,000 newly eligible Medicare recipients were delayed in applying for the program.Social Security: Claims from 112,000 new Social Security applicants were not processed. 212,000 new or replacement Social Security cards were not issued. 360,000 office visits were denied. 800,000 toll-free calls for information were not answered.Healthcare: New patients were not accepted into clinical research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical center. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ceased disease surveillance and hotline calls to NIH concerning diseases were not answered.Environment: Toxic waste clean-up work at 609 sites stopped as 2,400 Superfund workers were sent home.Law Enforcemen t and Public Safety: Delays occurred in the processing of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives applications by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; work on more than 3,500 bankruptcy cases reportedly was suspended; cancellation of the recruitment and testing of federal law enforcement officials reportedly occurred, including the hiring of 400 border patrol agents; and delinquent child-support cases were delayed. US Veterans: Multiple veterans services were curtailed, ranging from health and welfare to finance and travel.Travel: 80,000 passport applications were delayed. 80,000 visas were delayed. The resulting postponement or cancellation of travel cost U.S. tourist industries and airlines millions of dollars.National Parks: 2 million visitors were turned away from the nations national parks resulting in the loss of millions in revenue.Government-Backed Loans: FHA mortgage loans worth more than $800 million to more than 10,000 low-and-moderate-income working families were delayed. How a Government Shutdown Might Affect You As directed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the federal agencies now maintain contingency plans for dealing with government shutdowns. The emphasis of those plans is to determine which functions should continue. Most notably, the Department of Homeland Security and its Transportation Security Administration (TSA) did not exist in 1995 when the last long-term government shutdown took place. Due to the critical nature of their function, it is highly likely that the TSA would continue to function normally during a government shutdown.Based on history, here is how a long-term government shutdown might impact some government-provided public services. Social Security: Benefit checks would probably keep coming, but no new applications would be accepted or processed.Income Tax: The IRS will probably stop processing paper tax returns and refunds.Border Patrol: Customs and Border Patrol functions will probably continue.Welfare: Again, the checks would probably continue, but new applications for food stamps might not be processed.Mail: The U.S. Postal Service supports itself, so mail deliveries would continue as usual.National Defense: All active duty members of all branches of all armed services would continue duty as usual, but might not get paid on time. More than half of the Defense Departments 860,000 civilian employees would also work, the others sent home.Justice System: Federal courts should remain open. Criminals will still be chased, caught, prosecuted and thrown in federal prisons, which would still be operating.Farms/USDA: Food safety inspections will probably continue, but rural development, and farm credit and loan progra ms will probably close down. Transportation: Air traffic control, TSA security personnel, and the Coast Guard will remain on the job. Applications for passports and visas may not be processed.National Parks/Tourism: Parks and forests will probably close and visitors told to leave. Visitor and interpretive centers will be closed. Non-volunteer rescue and fire control services might be shut down. National monuments and most historic sites will probably be closed. Parks police will probably continue their patrols.

How to Read an Italian Menu

How to Read an Italian Menu If you’ve been to northern regions, like Milan, and the south of Italy, like Cosenza, you know that the items on restaurant menus won’t be similar and, depending on where you’ve chosen to eat, may be written in an Italian that isn’t so standard. That’s because each region of Italy, and oftentimes, individual cities, have their own piatti tipici, or traditional dishes. What’s more, sometimes the same thing can be called different things from the north to the south, like how the popularly-known is called schiacciata in Tuscany. Despite the variations you will most definitely encounter, there are some standards that you can learn about in advance when it comes to eating in Italy, and more specifically, being able to read an Italian menu. In this quick guide, we’ll go through the types of restaurants in Italy, how make a reservation, the order of Italian dishes during a meal, how to ask for the bill, and a few other cultural tidbits that may be useful for you. Types of Restaurants in Italy Autogrill - Roadside snack bar Pizza al taglio - Shop that sells slices of pizza cut by how much you want. Tavola calda - Informal restaurant, like a cafeteria as you often order buffet-style. Osteria - Informal restaurant, like a diner. Trattoria - Medium-priced restaurant that’s often family-run. Ristorante - Restaurant. You can learn some vocabulary that’s specific  to the dining experience here. If you want to learn some phrases that will help you find the most authentic restaurants and get the best recommendations, explore our article on Italian phrases thatll allow you to experience authentic Italian food. How to Make a Reservation While it’s not common practice to make reservations at all restaurants in Italy, it is recommended at places that tend to be busier or are the pià ¹ gettonate, the most popular. Youll, of course, have to know some common Italian phrases and how to say the time in Italian for this. To make a reservation for two people at 8:00 PM, use this phrase: Vorrei fare una prenotazione per due, alle otto. Order of Italian Dishes In Italy, dishes are usually served on separate plates in a specific order. In order of appearance on a typical menu there is: Lantipasto, which literally means before the meal and includes hot and cold appetizers, such as crostini  and  bruschetta.Il primo, or first course usually consisting soup.Il secondo, or second course, and is the main course.Il contorno, or side dish, which consists of vegetables such as (eggplant), (spinach), or (mixed salad).Il dolce, or dessert, which includes such favorite sweets as  tiramisà ¹, torta della nonna  (custard shortbread pie), or (custard of egg yolks with wine and brandy). Get the Bill (Or Should You Leave a Tip?) To ask for the bill, say: Il conto, per favore. Unless you ask, it’s not likely that they’ll bring the check to you. When it comes to tipping, by Italian law, gratuity is included in the bill, and extra tipping isnt necessary. Remember that a coperto - a cover charge - is included as well. If the service warrants it, feel free to leave your waiter a little extra. If you want the waiter to keep the change, say: Tenga pure il resto. Extra Tips In Italy, those milky concoctions - cappuccino and caffà ¨ latte - are consumed only at breakfast, so before 11 AM.Al dente means to the tooth, or slightly chewy. It is used to describe pasta and rice. The inside should be somewhat crisp-tender.Italians often say Buon appetito! or Enjoy your meal when the first course is served, and Salute! or To your health when toasting with a drink.Most likely you will have to purchase water. You’ll have a choice between bubbly water - frizzante or con gas - or regular water - liscia or naturale.

Safety Plant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Safety Plant - Essay Example In the 1980s, the platform received an overhaul to allow for natural gas production, which changed some of the dynamics of its operational and technological systems. Piper Alpha was a fixed platform in the North Sea, consisting of four modules that were segregated by a series of firewalls. Two modules were isolated for gas and oil production, with one module for gas compression and a fourth containing platform wellheads. Later analysis indicated that these firewalls were inefficient for the multiple activities occurring on the platform. The remaining levels of Piper Alpha contained control rooms, helipad operations, and personnel areas (e.g. sleeping quarters and recreational centres). On board were a variety of life rescue boats to facilitate evacuation in the event of emergencies. The events leading to the disaster and occurring during the series of fires were attributed to operational deficiencies, management failures, and process/procedure dysfunction, making this a complex scena rio of human and tangible factors. This report highlights the inter-connectivity of these failures as well as discussion of the sweeping safety and procedural changes that occurred in the industry post-disaster. The events leading to Piper Alpha destruction Piper Alpha maintained two different condensate pumps (Pumps A and B). A condensate pump is designed to remove excess condensate (water vapour) to facilitate compression and production functions. On the morning of July 6, routine maintenance was scheduled for Pump A which called for the removal of the pressure safety valve. For reasons unknown, the actual maintenance was delayed and instead of reassembly, Pump A was closed off with a temporary metal flange and scheduled for lock out. As was part of the Piper Alpha operations and safety processes, a work permit was handwritten by the current technician with information that Pump A should not be turned on due to the temporary inability to handle pressure loads. Up until this point, the safety and operational processes were in-line with platform practice and expectations. Six hours later, the written permit indicating that Pump A should, under no circumstances, be turned on was somehow misplaced by the next shift working in the operations control room. Unknown to the technician who wrote the permit, there was a supplementary permit already posted that authorized construction overhaul of Pump A in the control room. No verbal exchanges occurred between the technician in charge of Pump A lockout and the control room operators as another problem was being dealt with on the platform at the time (Caplan 2005). Thus, the permit was left in the control room and the technician returned to the employee housing area. Earlier in the day, Piper Alpha had been experiencing blockage problems caused by hydrate buildup, a form of ice produced when gas and water molecules form solids under certain temperature and pressure conditions (Sheen 1987). This hydrate blockage stopped P ump B and the control room was unable to get the pump back online. The significance of this was that operations of Pump B were inter-connected with every power system on Piper Alpha, therefore there were only a matter of minutes after Pump B ceased production to ensure no power supply disruption. The control room identified an overhaul permit for Pump A, but no indication about the warning of not turning on Pump A since, as previously identified, it had been misplaced. Therefore, the manager of the control room determined that Pump A was an effective