Found To Develop Around Regions Of Armpits â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Found To Develop Around Regions Of Armpits? Answer: Introducation Acanthosis Nigricans is defined as a disorder of the skin characterized by hyperpigmentation (darkening) and hyperkeratosis (thickening) in certain areas of the body. Usually it is found to develop around regions of armpits, groins and neck. Often it is misinterpreted by patients as decolouration of the skin, which eventually will not get washed away even after vigorous scrubbing. In the past the condition was mostly associated with internal malignancy and other genetic disorders. Recent studies have shown that although Acanthosis Nigricans is not in itself a medical condition but is a potent biomarker of less debilitating disorders like obesity and insulin resistance. Acanthosis Nigricans is a reliable indicator of hyperinsulinemia in obese patients and the severity of the condition largely depends on the magnitude of hyperinsulinemia and obesity (Sinha Schwartz, 2007). Hyperinsulinemia leading to this condition is thought to be caused mainly due to receptor and post-receptor defec ts in the patient. Although the exact incidence of the disease is still unknown it has been closely associated with obesity and much less associated with malignancy. The most frequent association with malignancy was found to be with gastrointestinal tract cancer and gastric cancers. Studies report that Acanthosis Nigricans is much more common in people with dark skin pigmentation showing a clear indication of its association with race or ethnicity (Puri, 2011). However, the difference in incidence due to racial makeup cannot be attributed solely to direct causal factors such as obesity or diabetes, a yet to be discovered genetic predisposition may be playing an important role for such discrepancies. It has been shown that the condition is prevalent in more or less equal proportion in both men and women and hence has no sex prediction. Age is also not a significant determinant of the condition as it may happen to occur at any age. However, malignancy related Acanthosis mostly occurs in elderly. Neck is the most common region of the body that is affected by the condition; other commonly affected regions include lips, eyelids, mucosal surfaces and flexural regions of groin, knees and elbows (Miller Rapini, 2011). Usually Acanthosis Nigricans is a symptomatic, however, patient often report unpleasant sensation over the affected region causing an urge to scratch. Pathophysiology In Acanthosis Nigricans the epidermal keratinocytes are stimulated and the fibroblasts on the dermal layer proliferate more than usual resulting in hyperpigmented plaques mostly in the intertriginous surfaces of the neck. Factors that affect such proliferation and stimulation may have a direct effect on the severity of the condition. The exact underlying cellular pathogenesis of Acanthosis is yet to be discovered, however, it has been postulated that the entire pathogenesis is related to endocrine or tumour producing growth factors that act on the insulin like receptors located on the epidermal cells of the skin (Krawczyk, Myka?aCie?la Ko?odziejJasku?a, 2009). Epidermal growth factors and transforming growth factors, fibroblast growth factors play a pivotal role in Acanthosis related to tumour, inciting epidermal cell propagation. Transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor both are found in high concentration in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and simultaneously epide rmal growth factor receptors are expressed in Acanthosis affected skin cells (Kong et al., 2007). On the other hand obesity related Acanthosis involves the action of insulin like growth factors and the hormone insulin itself on their respective receptors on the target cells. It is most commonly associated with insulin resistance disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Further, obesity and diabetes are often comorbid conditions and hyperinsulinemia causes the high affinity receptors, Insulin-like growth factors-1 receptors to be activated both by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (Wang et al., 2013). This results in higher cell growth and proliferation. Certain factors indicate that insulin dependent activation of IGF-1 receptors can independently promote the development of Acanthosis. Fibroblasts and keratinocyte express the IGF-1 receptors, insulin has the ability to cross the dermoepithelial junction and activate the above mentioned receptors and lastly it has been proven that severity of Acanthosis depends directly on the fasting insuli n levels of the patient. Hyperinsulinemia may also indirectly cause Acanthosis. IGF binding proteins, which regulate the levels of IGF-1 in circulation, are decreased in patients with hyperinsulinemia resulting in increased concentrations of IGF-1, which in turn promotes cell growth and proliferation (Phiske, 2014). The post receptor intracellular pathways related to Acanthosis are likely to converge at some point, although the exact interrelationship is not clearly elucidated yet. Adverse effect of certain medications that induce hyperinsulinemia may indirectly promote Acanthosis (Buzsi, Spi Jermendy, 2011). Lesions may retreat on discontinuation of medication or by administering the optimal dosage. Certain types of Acanthosis may develop due to autosomal genetic defects, manifestation of which starts at early childhood and may stabilize at an adult age. In autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosus, which is characterized by production of antibodies against insulin receptors may eventually result in the development of Acanthosis. Clinical Features: Histology Several physical clinical features can be characterized with Acanthosis Nigricans. The affected regions are characterized by symmetrical, hyperpigmented, velvety plagues. Skin tags are often associated with such plagues which are known as Acrochordons. (Kapoor, 2010) Lesions are also found in some cases. Mucous membranes of different parts of the body can also be affected by the condition such as oral and nasal cavity and oesophagus. Lesions of malignant and benign Acanthosis are clinically non distinguishable and hence diagnosis is difficult. The most common histological feature of Acanthosis is hyperkeratosis which is found all patients with the condition. Hyperkeratosis is the clinical term that implies over thickening of the outer layer of the skin, stratum corneum. In hyperkeratosis the spinous and granular cell layers undergo granular and vacuolar degeneration. It is characterised by clear spaces of variable size around the nucleus of the upper epidermal cells under the microscope. The dark couloration in Acanthosis is due to this hyperkeratosis instead of the mind increase in melanin pigmentation. Infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells or neutrophils maybe present in certain cases. Horn pseudocysts are also found which is characterized by numerous basaloid epidermal cells extending from the epidermis layer to the dermis and may passess branched or interweaving patterns. There are an increased number of keratohyaline granules on the granular cell layer (Hafner Vogt, 2008). Often the upper epidermis is infiltrated with inflammatory molecules and increased numbers of mitoses are also observed. Keratinocytes may be found to fall apart due to the lack of keratin filaments that provides strength to the keratinocyte cells and bullae formation may be observed due to separation of keratinocytes. Papillomatosis is the second most common histological or microscopic feature of Acanthosis. Abnormal keratinocyte differentionation and maturation are the most significant clinical features of papillomatosis. Keratin16 and Keratin 67 expression are often augmented resulting in increased transition cell layer and increased lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is sometimes found with lesions. The epidermal hyperplasis can be classified according to the thickening of the epidermis. Flat hyperplasia occurs when the entire region undergoes moderate thickening, proriasiform occurs when epidermal layers are extended and papillomatous hyperplasia is characterised by viral warts that project upwards. Colloidal iron tissue staining shows infiltration of glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronic acid, more often in patients with gonadal diseases. Gross Clinical Features As mentioned earlier Acanthosis Nigricans has characteristic clinical features of dark, coarse and thickened sin with a velvety texture. In the early stages of the condition grey-brown/black pigmentation is observed with marked dryness and roughness that is progressively thickened. Numerous small papillomatous elevations maybe found that provides it the velvety texture. As the disease progresses the thickening of the skin lines increase and surface becomes mammilated and wrinkled producing warty excrescences (Brickman, Huang, Silverman Metzger, 2010). Although other clinical symptoms are absent, patients often report feeling of itching on and around the affected regions. The leisions of Acanthosis are distributed symmetrically and the most common in back and sides of neck, axillae, groin and ante cubital and popliteal areas. In children the most coomon area affected is neck as compared to axillae. Less common areas that are affected include external genetalia, umbilicus, hand joints , inner aspects of thighs and also the anus. In severe conditions the diseases might spread to uncommon regions like lips, areola, conjunctive and oral mucous membrane. There are several other conditions that have similar symptoms to those of Acanthosis Nigricans. An approach of differential diagnoses is essential to distinguish between the related disorders to obtain a comprehensive idea about the condition and design appropriate therapeutic interventions. Some of the related conditions include Epidermal Naevus, Dowling-Degos disease, Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Suborrhoeic keratosis and Mycosis fungoides. Epidermal Neavus is usually found in children in regions of neck, torso and extremities, which are atypical in case of Acanthosis generally located in flexural and intertriginous regions. Further lesions are linear in Epidermal Neavus. In Dowling-Degos disease lesions are reticulated in the flexural areas. The most distinguishing feature is lesions are not velvety in texture and do not appear thickened as in case of Acanthosis. Lesions may also be found on the hands and feet of the patient. Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis is characterized by lesion on the chest and the back, instead of Flexural areas as in case of Acanthosis. Red/ brown papules are observed having a central confluence and peripheral reticular pattern. Suborrhoeic keratosis usually prevalent in adults, show few pigmented papules on the face or chest or back region, and the lesions are mostly small; rarely plaque like lesions have been reported. In Mycosis fungoides long standing lesions or plaques are found which are generally not velvety or pigmented in nature. However, in some cases this condition may mimic Acanthosis Nigricans (Phiske, 2014). Treatment and Management Acanthosis Nigricans treatment may be directed in differently in different patients depending upon the pathophysiology and the other specific factors unique to the patient. Treat can be directed towards curing the immediate symptoms of the condition requiring coordinated efforts of professionls from different fields like dermatologists, endocrinologist, paediatricians, dietitians and oncologists. The first line of tropical treatment to be considered is retinoids, which are epidermopoeitic in nature and reduce the replacement time of stratum corneum. It may reduce hyperkeratosis and reverse the disease symptoms. Retinoids also affects cell growth and differentiation. Ammonium lactate that acts as a peeling agent that disintegrates the desmososmes may also be effective in reducing hyperkeratosis (Romo Benavides, 2008). Trichloroacetic acid acts as a epidermis destructing agent and initiates subsequent repair of the tissue. It causes coagulation of skin proteins leading to necrosis and epidermal destruction. Following epidermal disintegration an inflammatory reaction is initiated that leads to re-epithelialization and replaces smooth skin. Calcipotriol is another effective drug that inhibits proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes reducing the clinical symptoms (Guran, Turan, Akcay Bereket, 2008). Another line of treatment may be directed towards managing the underlying cause of the condition. It may include hormone replacement therapies, discontinuation of certain Acanthosis causing drugs or administering drugs that can help reduce insulin resistance in the patient. By controlling hyperinsulinemia, Acanthosis may stop progressing, however, pigmentary skin changes may persist, which will require further medication to revert back to normal conditions. For individuals with malignancy, managing the prognosis of cancer may alleviate Acanthosis symptoms. Anti-cancer drugs, radiation therapy or surgical removal of the tumour, depending upon the severity and stage of malignancy is recommended for such patients. For patients with genetic predisposition leading to Acanthosis, genetic counselling may provide some degree of benefit. As obesity and diabetes are the most common comorbidities of Acanthosis, it is suggested that the patient remain under strict diet control and monitor his/her insulin levels in a regular basis to keep Acanthosis symptoms in control. Supportive counselling may be effective to provide adequate knowledge regarding the significance of diet and exercise and modifications in lifestyle. Obesity and weight management is indispensible in patients with Acanthosis. References Brickman, W. J., Huang, J., Silverman, B. L., Metzger, B. E. (2010). Acanthosis nigricans identifies youth at high risk for metabolic abnormalities.The Journal of pediatrics,156(1), 87-92. Buzsi, K., Spi, Z., Jermendy, G. (2011). Acanthosis nigricans as a local cutaneous side effect of repeated human insulin injections.Diabetes research and clinical practice,94(2), e34-e36. Guran, T., Turan, S., Akcay, T., Bereket, A. (2008). Significance of acanthosis nigricans in childhood obesity.Journal of paediatrics and child health,44(6), 338-341. Hafner, C., Vogt, T. (2008). Seborrheic keratosis.JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft,6(8), 664-677. Kapoor, S. (2010). Diagnosis and treatment of acanthosis nigricans.Skinmed,8(3), 161-164. Kong, A. S., Williams, R. L., Smith, M., Sussman, A. L., Skipper, B., Hsi, A. C., Rhyne, R. L. (2007). Acanthosis nigricans and diabetes risk factors: prevalence in young persons seen in southwestern US primary care practices.The Annals of Family Medicine,5(3), 202-208. Krawczyk, M., Myka?aCie?la, J., Ko?odziejJasku?a, A. (2009). Acanthosis nigricans as a para neoplastic syndrome.Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewn?trznej,119(3), 180-183. Miller, J. H., Rapini, R. P. (2011). Acanthosis nigricans.emedicine. medscape. com/article/1084257-overview. Phiske, M. M. (2014). An approach to acanthosis nigricans.Indian dermatology online journal,5(3), 239. Puri, N. (2011). A study of pathogenesis of acanthosis nigricans and its clinical implications.Indian journal of dermatology,56(6), 678. Romo, A., Benavides, S. (2008). Treatment Options in Insulin Resistance ObesityRelated Acanthosis Nigricans.Annals of Pharmacotherapy,42(7-8), 1090-1094. Sinha, S., Schwartz, R. A. (2007). Juvenile acanthosis nigricans.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,57(3), 502-508. Wang, C. H., Lin, W. D., Bau, D. T., Chou, I. C., Tsai, C. H., Tsai, F. J. (2013). Appearance of acanthosis nigricans may precede obesity: an involvement of the insulin/IGF receptor signaling pathway.BioMedicine,3(2), 82-87.

Why Students Need to Get a Free Sample of an Argumentive Essay

Why Students Need to Get a Free Sample of an Argumentive EssayWhen a student is about to write a thesis on the 'Theory of Knowledge', there is a very good chance that they will want to apply for a free sample of an argumentative essay. A thesis is the goal of a student who is trying to graduate with honors and with good grades in their degree program. The thesis also plays a significant role in getting a great job and getting their dream job after graduation.When a student is finished with their thesis, they will have to present it in their final year. If the student decides to do this themselves or if they want to let a university professor to take care of this, they should keep in mind that an argumentative essay is required in their thesis. This essay is not something that the student can leave out or put off. It has to be done.They need to think about the difficulty level that they will encounter when writing their actual thesis. There are different levels of difficulty, but ther e is no reason for students to feel that they can't have fun with this assignment, especially if they are going to use the argumentative essay as a part of their preparation for graduation.Sometimes students are hesitant to go through the challenge of getting the opinions of their classmates, since it is not something that they often do. When a student does get an opinion, though, they should remember that they are being graded on this for a reason. In order to get better grades, they have to make sure that they have proofread their own work before submission.While the thesis can usually be completed within two years, they should still try to be as thorough as possible in the dissertation topic. Students who know that they don't have much time to finish their thesis may want to consider the option of doing some research while they are waiting for their classes to be complete. This way, they will not have to worry about attending class or getting ready for exams when they aren't in t he mood.As a student, you shouldn't worry too much about your grade. You should focus on the quality of your work, so that you can get a higher grade when you submit your thesis. You will find that there are different reasons why a student is given a different grade in every class, but you should find a way to learn as much as you can about your class so that you can improve your grades next time around.However, if your grades are already disappointing, you shouldn't worry too much about the opinion of your classmates. Although it is important to give yourself the best grade that you can, it is not a requirement. In order to get the best grade, you just need to work hard and finish your thesis on time.

Left Handedness essays

Left Handedness essays Left Handedness is the dominance of using your left hand over your right hand. Roughly 8-10% of Americans are left handed. Twice as many males are lefties than females. Twins are twice as likely to be left handed, and mentally handicapped people are three times as likely(30%)! Left handed people have many more problems with them than right handed people. Left handed people are more accident prone, suffer more wrist fractures, and get appendages amputated by power tools. Left handed people are also more likely to have allergies, get auto-immune diseases, bed-wetting, depression, drug abuse, epilepsy, hypnotism, low birth weight, schizophrenia, sleeping problems, suicide attempts, and learning disabilities. Stuttering is common if forced to change writing hands. Also, left handed people are six times more likely to die in car crashes, and four times more likely to die while driving. However, being left handed does have advantages. Left handed people excel in tennis, baseball, swimming, and fencing. Left handed people adjust to seeing underwater better. 1 in 4 Apollo astronauts were left-handed, along with 4 of the 5 original inventors of the Macintosh computer. Our minds are mostly contralateral, which means that right handed people have a dominant left mind, and vice versa. For example, the left side of the brain controls logic, linear thinking, and language to a large degree. The right side controls visual, spatial, and intuitive centers. This means that a left handed person would be much more developed in vision and intuition than a right handed person, but be more limited in language, logic, and linear thinking. This also means a right handed person would likely be smarter in language classes and classes where logic is required, but would not be as creative. However, not all of our control is contralateral. Some is ipsilateral, or same-side dominance. This is common for writing centers. If the writing center is dominant ...

Biography of Louis Farrakhan, Leader of Nation of Islam

Biography of Louis Farrakhan, Leader of Nation of Islam Minister  Louis Farrakhan (born May 11, 1933) is one of the most controversial public figures in the United States. While scandal has brought down a number of leaders, Farrakhan has managed to remain an influential force in American politics, race relations, and religion. With this biography, learn more about the life of the Nation of Islam leader and how he’s remained relevant in an increasingly divided America. Fast Facts: Louis Farrakhan Known For: Civil rights activist, minister, leader of the Nation of Islam (1977–present)Born: May 11, 1933, BronxParents: Sarah Mae Manning (Mae) and Percival ClarkeEducation: Winston-Salem State University, The English High SchoolPublished Works: A Torchlight for America,  Spouse(s): KhadijahChildren: 9 Early Years Like so many notable Americans, Louis Farrakhan grew up in an immigrant family. He was born on May 11, 1933, in the Bronx, New York.  Both of his parents immigrated to the United States from the Caribbean. His mother, Sarah Mae Manning, came from the island of St. Kitts, and his father, Percival Clark, came from Jamaica. In 1996, Farrakhan said his father, who reportedly had Portuguese heritage, may have been Jewish. The scholar and historian Henry Louis Gates called Farrakhan’s claim credible since Iberians in Jamaica tend to have Sephardic Jewish ancestry. Because the Jewish community has often accused Farrakhan of being an anti-Semite, his claims about his father’s ancestry are remarkable, if true. Farrakhan’s birth name, Louis Eugene Walcott, reveals the discord in his parents’ relationship. Farrakhan said his father’s philandering had driven his mother into the arms of a man named Louis Wolcott, with whom she had a child and for whom she converted to Islam. She planned to start a new life with Wolcott, but briefly reconciled with Clark, resulting in an unplanned pregnancy. Manning repeatedly tried to abort the pregnancy, according to Farrakhan, but eventually gave up on termination. When the child arrived, with light skin and curly, auburn hair, Wolcott knew the baby wasn’t his and left Manning. That didn’t stop her from naming the child â€Å"Louis† after him. But Farrakhan’s real father didn’t play an active role in his life either, he said. His mother remained a stable influence. A music lover, she exposed him to the violin. He didn’t immediately take interest in the instrument. â€Å"I [eventually] fell in love with the instrument,† he recalled, â€Å"and I was driving her crazy because now I would go in the bathroom to practice because it had a sound like you’re in a studio and so people couldn’t get in the bathroom because Louis was in the bathroom practicing.† He said that by age 12, he played well enough to perform  with the Boston civic symphony, the Boston College orchestra, and its glee club. In addition to playing the violin, Farrakhan sang well. In 1954, using the name â€Å"The Charmer,† he even recorded the hit single â€Å"Back to Back, Belly to Belly,† a cover of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jumbie Jamboree.† A year before the recording, Farrakhan married his wife, Khadijah.  He went on to have nine children. Nation of Islam The musically inclined Farrakhan managed to use his talents  in the service of Nation of Islam. While performing, he attended a meeting of the group, which Elijah Muhammad started in 1930 in Detroit. As a leader, Muhammad sought a separate state for African Americans and endorsed racial segregation. Prominent NOI leader Malcolm X persuaded Farrakhan to join the group. So, he did, just a year after recording his hit single. Initially, Farrakhan was known as Louis X, and he wrote the song â€Å"A White Man’s Heaven Is a Black Man’s Hell† for the Nation. Eventually, Muhammad gave Farrakhan the surname he’s world famous for today. Farrakhan rapidly rose through the ranks of the group. He assisted Malcolm X at the group’s Boston mosque and assumed his superior’s role when Malcolm left Boston to preach in Harlem. Malcolm X In 1964, ongoing tensions with Muhammad led Malcolm X to leave the Nation. After his departure, Farrakhan essentially took his place, deepening his relationship with Muhammad. In contrast, Farrakhan and Malcolm X’s relationship grew strained when the latter criticized the group and its leader. Specifically, Malcolm X told the world that Mohammad had fathered children with many of his teenage secretaries. Malcolm X considered him a hypocrite since NOI preached against extramarital sex.  But Farrakhan considered Malcolm X a traitor for divulging this news to the public. Two months before Malcolm’s assassination in Harlem’s Audubon Ballroom on Feb. 21, 1965, Farrakhan said of him, â€Å"such a man is worthy of death.† When police arrested three NOI members for assassinating 39-year-old Malcolm X, many wondered if Farrakhan played a role in the murder. Farrakhan admitted that his harsh words about Malcolm X likely  Ã¢â‚¬Å"helped create the atmosphere† for the killing. â€Å"I may have been complicit in words that I spoke leading up to February 21, [1965]† Farrakhan told Malcolm X’s daughter Atallah Shabazz and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"60 Minutes† correspondent Mike Wallace in 2000. â€Å"I acknowledge that and regret that any word that I have said caused the loss of life of a human being.† A six-year-old Shabazz saw the shooting, along with her siblings and mother. She thanked Farrakhan for taking some responsibility but said she did not forgive him. â€Å"He’s never admitted this before publicly,†Ã‚  she said.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Until now, he’s never caressed my father’s children. I thank him for acknowledging his culpability and I wish him peace.† Malcolm X’s widow, the late Betty Shabazz, had accused Farrakhan of having a hand in the assassination. She seemingly made amends with him in 1994, when her daughter Qubilah faced charges, later dropped, for an alleged plot to kill him. NOI Splinter Group Eleven years after Malcolm X’s killing, Elijah Muhammad died. It was 1975, and the group’s future appeared uncertain. Muhammad had left his son Warith Deen Mohammad in charge. The younger Muhammad wanted to turn NOI into a more conventionally Muslim group called American Muslim Mission. (Malcolm X had also embraced traditional Islam after leaving the NOI. ) Warith  Deen Mohammad  also rejected his father’s separatist teachings. But Farrakhan disagreed with this vision and left the group to start a version of NOI aligned with Elijah Muhammad’s philosophy. He also started The Final Call newspaper to publicize his group’s beliefs.   Farrakhan got involved with politics as well. Previously, NOI told members to refrain from political involvement, but Farrakhan decided to endorse the Rev. Jesse Jackson’s 1984 bid for president. Both the NOI and Jackson’s civil rights group, Operation PUSH, were based on Chicago’s South Side. Fruit of Islam, part  of NOI,  even guarded Jackson during his campaign. Jesse Jackson â€Å"I believe that Rev. Jackson’s candidacy has lifted the seal forever from the thinking of black people, particularly black youth,† Farrakhan said. â€Å"Never again will our youth think that all they can be is singers and dancers, musicians and football players and sportsmen. But through Reverend Jackson, we see that we can be theoreticians, scientists, and whatnot. For that one thing he did alone, he would have my vote. Jackson, however, didn’t win his presidential bid in 1984 or in 1988. He  derailed his  first campaign when he referred to Jews as â€Å"Hymies† and New York City as â€Å"Hymietown,† both anti-Semitic terms, during an interview with a black Washington Post reporter. A wave of protests ensued. Initially, Jackson denied the remarks. Then, he changed his tune and accused Jews of trying to sink his campaign. He later admitted making the comments and asked the Jewish community to forgive him. But he refused to part ways with Farrakhan. Farrakhan tried to defend his friend by going on the radio and threatening both the Post reporter, Milton Coleman, and Jews about their treatment of Jackson. â€Å"If you harm this brother [Jackson], it will be the last one you harm,† he said. Farrakhan reportedly called Coleman a traitor and told the African American community to shun him. The NOI leader also faced accusations of threatening Coleman’s life. â€Å"One day soon we will punish you with death,† Farrakhan remarked. Afterward, he denied threatening Coleman. Million Man March Although Farrakhan has long faced accusations of anti-Semitism and has criticized black civic groups such as the NAACP, he’s managed to stay relevant in a changing America. On Oct. 16, 1995, for example, he organized the historic Million Man March on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Civil rights leaders, including Rosa Parks, Jackson, and Shabazz, gathered at the event designed for young African American men to ponder the pressing issues affecting the black community. According to some estimates, about a half-million people turned out for the march. Other estimates report a crowd as large as two million. In any case, there’s no doubt that hundreds of thousands of individuals gathered for the occasion, an impressive achievement for any organizer. The Nation of Islam’s website points out that the march challenged stereotypes of African American men. â€Å"The world did not see thieves, criminals, and savages as usually portrayed through mainstream music, movies and other forms of media; on that day, the world saw a vastly different picture of the Black man in America. The world saw Black men demonstrating the willingness to shoulder the responsibility of improving themselves and the community. There was neither one fight nor one arrest that day. There was no smoking or drinking. The Washington Mall, where the March was held, was left as clean as it was found.† Farrakhan later organized 2000’s Million Family March. And 20 years after the Million Man March, he commemorated the landmark event. Later Years Farrakhan earned praise for the Million Man March but just a year later sparked controversy again. In 1996, he visited  Libya. Then Libyan ruler, the late Muammar al-Qaddafi, made a donation  to the Nation of Islam, but the federal government didn’t let Farrakhan accept the gift. Despite such incidents and a long list of inflammatory remarks, Farrakhan has won the support of  people in and outside of the black community. They applaud  NOI  for fighting against social injustice, advocating for education and against gang violence, among other issues. The Rev. Michael L. Pfleger, a white Roman Catholic priest with a parish on Chicagos South Side is an example. He called Farrakhan his closest adviser.   â€Å"I’ve lost friends and I’ve lost support- I’ve been disinvited from places- because of my relationship with Farrakhan,† the priest told the New Yorker in 2016. But he added, I’d take a bullet for  [him and others] any day of the week.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, Farrakhan  continues to generate publicity for his cutting comments. Shortly after Donald Trumps inauguration,  he called the United States  the most rotten nation on Earth. On May 2, 2019, Farrakhan was banned from Facebook and Instagram for violations of Facebook’s policies against hate speech. Sources Blow, Charles M. Million Man March, 20 Years On. New York Times, Oct. 11, 2015Bromwich, Jonah Engel. Why Louis Farrakhan Is Back in the News. New York Times, March 9, 2018.  Farrakhan, Louis, and Henry Louis Gates. Farrakhan Speaks. Transition.70 (1996): 140–67. Print.Gardell, Mattias. In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1996.Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan. Nation of Islam.  Louis Farrakhan banned from Facebook over policies on violence, hate. Chicago Sun Times May 2, 2019.  McPhail, Mark Lawrence. Passionate Intensity: Louis Farrakhan and the Fallacies of Racial Reasoning. Quarterly Journal of Speech 84.4 (1998): 416–29. Print.

Innovative business Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Innovative business - Research Proposal Example This research topic is important in motivating communities not to rely on normal day-to-day transactions but to stimulate specific innovation opportunities in the society. Creation of wealth from innovation in technology management encompasses a number of perspectives that include generation of revenues, profits, returns on investment, return on equity, and return on assets. Wealth creation may also constitute earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. In this project, I will study how wealth creation in these varied contexts depends on the intended needs to innovation and even government legislations and controls with regards to technology management. This is in consideration of the fact that revenues may have been generated and yet, on the other hand, loses having come to play considering the costs incurred. This research seeks to establish that net cash flow in managing technology remains the innovation basis of wealth creation. However, this can only be relevant in the long run, since positive cash flows may be generated in the short run and negative cash flows that offset the gains in the long run. Thus, for an innovation to be termed to have created wealth there must be positive real net cash flow in the long run, probably per year as the ideal financial period. Positive real net cash flow in this case entails products of revenues and profit margins being more than sum of investments and fixed costs. The research will engage cash flow estimation and tracking by individuals and organization that commit their energy, time, and resources to technology innovation. Cash flow tracking and estimation in this case includes buyer adoption of cash flow after introduction into the field for application. Once this has ascertained that there would surely be positive real net cash flow, the technology innovation

Goldman Sachs - Management Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Goldman Sachs - Management Analysis - Assignment Example It has been noted from the annual report of the company that the main focus of the company has been at four key areas. The four key areas have been the creation of the jobs as well as the overall growth of the economy, building up of the economy as well as stabilising them, enhancing the opportunities of education and thus glorification of the services as well as expertise. The main aim of the paper has been to analyse the company’s decision making with the help of the management theories. Among the several management theories such as the Taylor’s Rational Goal Theory, Fayol's and Mintzberg's Internal Systems Theory, Mayo’s Human Relation Theory and Porter’s Strategic & Peters’ Cultural Theory; the research paper will make use of the two theories such as Mayo’s Human Relation and Fayol and Mintzberg’s theory. The rationale behind choosing Goldman Sachs for the purpose of the study is that during the period of Lloyd Blankfein, CEO and C hairman of the company, it was accused of fraud by the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) in the year 2010. It can thus be identified that the performance of the company during this period has been comparatively inferior. Therefore, through this report, it will be aimed at understanding the kind of decision that the management followed that led to such a huge turmoil. The report will try to comprehend the reasons of failure during the rein of Lloyd Blankfein. The analysis will be conducted using the various theories that have been identified and finally recommendations will be provided with regards to how the management can improve its managerial decision making capabilities. Managerial Decision Making At Goldman Sachs The main business of the Goldman Sachs has been to invest the money belonging to the large organisations as well as the wealthy individuals. It has further been identified that the firm tends to put its own funds as well at risk. Organisational Structure Lloyd B lankfein has been the Chairman and CEO of the company since the year 2006. Lloyd Blankfein by nature has been quite affable and smart. His five years tenure in Goldman Sachs can be classified into three different groups. He experienced unstable growth till early 2008. Furthermore, the financial crisis that took place because of the breakdown of the Lehman Brothers was also evident during his ruling period. The bank, further expected to recover in the year 2009, despite various regulations that was formed after the post-crisis and the fall in their reputations. The other person who has been working with the company under Mr. Lloyd Blankfein is David Viniar who has been the Chief Financial Officer and has served the company for more than ten years. Mr. E. Gerald Corrigan has been the Co-chair of the Risk as well as Global Compliance and Controls Committee. Mr. Henry Paulson was the Chief Executive of the Goldman Sachs prior to Lloyd Blankfein (Steinert-Threlkerd, 2009). Alan Cohen has been the Compliance Officer at Goldman Sachs, John Rogers has been the Secretary and Gary Cohn is the President as well as the COO (The Official Board, 2011). It has been evident that the company has outperformed in its operations in most of the areas. It has been positioned among the best three underwriters. It is because of the consistent and best performance along with the commitment of the top management towards the municipal business as well as the public sector. The company also has

Benefits of Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Benefits of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) Evidence Based Practice, also known as EBP according to (Liamputtong, 2013) is a â€Å"process that requires the practitioner to find best empirical evidence about the effectiveness or efficacy of different treatment options and then determine the relevance of the evidence to a particular client’s situation†. EBP values, enhances, and builds on the clinical proficiency, knowledge of the disease mechanisms, and pathophysiology. It involves complex and conscientious decision making built not only on the available evidence but also on patient physiognomies, circumstances, and preferences. It also recognizes health care as an individualized and ever changing that involves uncertainties and probabilities. Ultimately EBP is the formalization of the care process that the best clinicians have practiced for generations (McKibbon, 1998). Effective evidence based practice takes time, extensive research, proper understanding and is dependent on its five steps. The first of these is formulating a searchable clinical question or questions which than needs to be answered to satisfy the health carer or other specific needs of the patient. The second step involves the retrieval of best evidence such as textbooks, verified journal literature/article etc. to answer the questions. Appraising the retrieved information to help make a clinical decision forms the third step. The fourth steps involves applyingthe evidence with clinical expertise, taking the patients wants/needs into consideration and the fifth step involves the evaluatingtheeffectiveness and efficiency of the process. (McKibbon, 1998). Evidence based practice is vital, demanding and highly respected amongst health care disciplines because of its ambitions to provide the most effective care that is accessible, with the aim of improving patients outcomes. It promotes an attitude of inquiry in health professionals and gets them into thinking about questions such as: Why am I doing this in this way? Is there evidence that can guide me to do this in a more effective way? Therefore, facilitating their practice into professional accountability. Evidence based practice also plays an important role in ensuring that health resources are used wisely and that relevant evidence is considered when decisions such as funding health services are made (Hoffmann, Bennett, Mar, 2010). Most health professionals use both individual clinical expertise and the best available external evidence as a guidance to their decision making. Without clinical expertise, practice risks becoming tyrannised by evidence, for even excellent external evidence may be inapplicable to or inappropriate for an individual patient. Without current best evidence, practice risks becoming rapidly out of date, to the detriment of patients (McKibbon, 1998). Clinical Expertise is important as it depends on the knowledge and skills of health care professionals providing care. The clinical expertise of a health professional depends on his/her year of clinical experience, current knowledge of research/clinical literature and educational preparation. The stronger the health professional’s clinical expertise the better his or her judgement in using the best research evidence in practice. Extensive research is needed to develop sound empirical knowledge for synthesis into the best research eviden ce needed for practice. This research evidence might be synthesized to develop guidelines, standards, protocols and policies to direct the implementation of a variety of health practice interventions (Burns Grove, 2010). Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as gloves is an essential component when practicing in any health care setting. Published Evidence based articles indicates that wearing of gloves in infection control practice can reduce the incidence of healthcare associated infection and exposure to communicable disease among healthcare workers (Olsen, et al.). Therefore, the correct use of gloves is vital in the healthcare environment. To make sure gloves are effective evidently on the health practice the 5 steps of evidence based practice can be implemented. The first step can involve developing a clinical question regarding the gloves such as what kind of gloves are relevant and effective in my practice which can then be answered i.e.- Non sterile single use medical glovesto satisfy the health professional. The second step can involve the retrieval of best evidence such as verified journal literature/article about the Non sterile single use medical gloves. The third step can involve appraising the information from the journal literature/article regarding the gloves to help make a clinical decision. The fourth step can involves applyingthe Non sterile single use medical gloveswith clinical expertise whilst taking health professionals wants/needs into consideration and the fifth step involves evaluatingtheeffectiveness and efficiency of the Non sterile single use medical gloves. Once these measures has been taken, the effectiveness of the specific gloves can be taken into account and if satisfied can be used for the practice. While implementing the five step of EBP in the gloves, the major facilitators that are most likely to be found are organization and communication whilst the barriers while implementing the EBP are most likely to be lack of time and lack of autonomy to change practice (Kitson, Harvey, McCormack, 1998). Thus, implementing Effective EBP requires time, energy, knowledge and authority and without these vital components, there is always bound to be barriers and proper EBP cannot be achieved. In conclusion, the emergence of Evidence based practice has been rapid, dramatic, spreading in popularity amongst many health care disciplines and is changing the way health care is undertaken. The dependence on the partnership among hard scientific evidence, clinical expertise, individual patient needs and choices is the reason why evidence based practice is vital, demanding and highly respected amongst health care disciplines (Hoffmann, Bennett, Mar, 2010). Despite this, Evidence based practice does have limitations and therefore, research is always needed to improve retrieval methods for EBP information and this is the reason why health professionals need to constantly develop and retain their research skills durable. References Burns, N., Grove, S. (2010). Understanding Nursing Research: Building An Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences Division . Hoffmann, T., Bennett, S., Mar, C. D. (2010). Evidence based Practice-across the health professions. Elsevier Australia. Kitson, A., Harvey, G., McCormack, B. (1998). Enabling the implementation of evidence based practice: a conceptual framework. Qual Health Care, 7(3), 149-158. doi:10.1136/qshc.7.3.149 Liamputtong, P. (2013). Research Methods in Health (2nd edition, 2013 ed.). Oxford Uni Press (OUP). McKibbon, K. A. (1998). Evidence-based practice*. Health Information Research Unit, 396-401. Olsen, R. J., Lynch, P., Coyle, M. B., Cummings, J., Bokete, T., Stamm, W. E. (n.d.). Examination Gloves as Barriers to Hand Contamination in Clinical Practice. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510030074037 Page 1 of 5 HLSC 122 ASSESSMENT 1 ARPAN PANT S00173785